{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:40:11Z","timestamp":1772800811729,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate whether pregnancy and birth\u2010related factors are associated with celiac disease (CD) in a large, United States (US)\u2010based mother\u2010child cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed data gathering from the Massachusetts General Hospital Maternal Child Cohort (MMCC) of children born between 1998 and 2016. Data included the mode of delivery, maternal pregnancy and their offspring characteristics. We searched for CD cases by using diagnosis billing codes. Cox proportional hazard regression models were created to identify variables associated with CD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 44\u2009539 mother\u2010child pairs who had at least one encounter by 5\u2009years old and identified 173 children (0.4%) with CD diagnosis; median age at the diagnosis was 6\u2009years. Overall, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of caesarean delivery for CD was 1.39 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.96, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.06) when compared to children born vaginally. After stratifying for the presence of labour, children born by Caesarean delivery without labour had a higher risk of CD (aHR 1.56; 95%CI: 1.01, 2.41; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.046) while infants born by Caesarean delivery with labour did not (aHR 1.26; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.93; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.28).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Being born by Caesarean delivery without labour may be associated with an increased risk for CD in the US children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T07:38:39Z","timestamp":1674891519000},"page":"1029-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pregnancy\u2010 and birth\u2010related risk factors for the development of childhood celiac disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3246-8009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornthep","family":"Tanpowpong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1871-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janice A.","family":"Espinola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludmilla Candido","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn E.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille E.","family":"Powe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Carlos A.","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts 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