{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:40:35Z","timestamp":1747183235998,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["151517","155955","88413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["151517","155955","88413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (SGA) \u2013 an indicator of poor fetal growth, may affect metabolic health biomarkers in infancy and explore the predictors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a nested matched (1:2) prospective observational study of 65 SGA (birth weight\u2009&lt;\u200910th percentile) and 130 optimal\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (OGA, birth weight 25th\u201075th percentiles, control) infants in the 3D birth cohort with subjects recruited in Canada from 1 May 2010 to 31 August 2012. The outcomes included homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA\u2010IR) and beta\u2010cell function (HOMA\u2010\u03b2), circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations at age 2\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HOMA\u2010IR, HOMA\u2010\u03b2, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were similar in SGA versus OGA infants. Female sex and accelerated growth in length during mid\u2010infancy (3\u201312\u2009months) were associated with higher HOMA\u2010IR. Caucasian ethnicity and decelerated growth in weight during late infancy (12\u201324\u2009months) were associated with lower HOMA\u2010IR. Current BMI was positively associated with circulating adiponectin in SGA infants only (+13.4% [4.0%\u201323.7%] per BMI <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score increment).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insulin resistance and secretion, circulating leptin and adiponectin levels were normal in SGA subjects in infancy at age 2\u2009years. The novel observation in SGA\u2010specific positive association between current BMI and circulating adiponectin suggests dysfunctional adiposity\u2010adiponectin negative feedback loop development during infancy in SGA subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T05:56:50Z","timestamp":1683525410000},"page":"1659-1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age and predictors of HOMA indices, leptin and adiponectin in infancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld\u2010Tanenbaum Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health University 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