{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:52:46Z","timestamp":1787208766987,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES611813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES611813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>An individual with a blood\u2013injection\u2013injury (BII) phobia often avoids exposure to triggers, such as blood tests and clinic appointments, leading to potentially serious health complications. This population\u2010based study examined the prevalence, stability and course of BII phobia in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data came from the Trondheim Early Secure Study, conducted from 2007 to 2018. All children born in Trondheim, Norway, in 2003 and 2004 were invited to attend. Clinical interviews were conducted by trained personnel to assess BII phobia in 1042 children (51% female) every 2\u2009years from 4 to 14\u2009years of age. Latent growth curves and logistic regression analyses were used in the data analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Just under 20% of the cohort experienced a BII phobia at least once, with no significant sex differences. The prevalence of BII phobias increased from 3% at 4\u2009years of age and peaked at about 8% at 10\u2009years of age, before levelling off. The two\u2010year stability increased as 12\u201314\u2009years of age approached.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of BII was affected by age, but not sex. Early BII phobias often recede with time, but children may need treatment if they persist from 8\u2009years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T12:40:41Z","timestamp":1697632841000},"page":"105-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence and stability of blood\u2013injection\u2013injury phobia in childhood\u2014A prospective community study in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Berg\u00a0Johnsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid\u2010Norway (TkMidt)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3199-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Wichstr\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry St Olavs Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8536-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Dahll\u00f6f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid\u2010Norway (TkMidt)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(89)90088-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/471340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Injection fears and COVID\u201019 vaccine hesitancy","volume":"11","author":"Freeman D","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424jccp2902_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0291-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798007144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.534"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000205705.71194.b8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200001000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02296192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jst085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Residual structural equation models","volume":"1","author":"Asparouhov T","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mplus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.101.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20655"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Worry in Children","author":"Vasey MW","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1998)7:3<105::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.5.2.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084416661473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2017.1297849"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.17003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T06:42:27Z","timestamp":1712299347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.17003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.17003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.17003","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}