{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:56:57Z","timestamp":1792688217315,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009780","name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breath\u2010holding spells (BHS) are common in children, but evidence\u2010based clinical guidelines are lacking. We investigated a large population\u2010based cohort of BHS patients, to propose a refined description of typical BHS and guidelines for its management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a cross\u2010sectional retrospective study, patients diagnosed with BHS in Southern Sweden 2004\u20132018 were recruited. Disease characteristics and diagnostic data were collected from patient medical records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 519 patients, mean age at diagnosis 19.8\u2009\u00b1\u200913.8\u2009months with equal gender distribution, were included. In 48.3%, BHS had already been diagnosed after one spell. During spells, 78.0% of patients were unresponsive. For 71.5%, atonic, tonic, tonic\u2013clonic or myoclonic seizures were reported, and 78.0% of patients had a spell lasting less than 1\u2009min. Electroencephalography was conducted in 30.4% and Electrocardiography in 45.1%. Six children (3.8%) had a pathological electroencephalogram, four of which had concomitant epilepsy and only 0.9% of children had electrocardiogram findings suggesting pathology, none showing long QT syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with BHS were frequently subjected to unnecessary diagnostic interventions. We characterise a typical presentation of BHS and propose a management\u2010algorithm, which is expected to reduce unnecessary usage of electroencephalography and electrocardiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T08:58:27Z","timestamp":1698742707000},"page":"317-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Overuse of EEG and ECG in children with breath\u2010holding spells and its implication for the management of the spells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Sanna","family":"Hellstr\u00f6m\u00a0Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Chilhood Cancer Center Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Lund 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