{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T07:40:29Z","timestamp":1782632429607,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The survival rate after treatment for childhood leukaemia has greatly improved, but could result in protracted immune deficiency. This study examined the immune status of children after chemotherapy and evaluated their responses to immunisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects who had completed their treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at The Children's Hospital Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland, during 2011\u20132020 had blood drawn and were then immunised for influenza in October 2021. Blood was drawn again 4\u2009weeks later and their humoral and cellular responses were measured with a haemagglutination inhibition assay and lymphocyte stimulation test. Antibodies to other immunisations were also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 18 patients (10 male) who had completed their treatment at 3.7\u201320.3\u2009years of age (mean 9.1), 11\u201384\u2009months (mean 36.9) before enrolment. Conventional immunological evaluation did not reveal notable abnormalities. The responses to several childhood vaccinations, including the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination, were adequate in most patients. Humoral responses to the influenza vaccine confirmed adequate reactions in all but one patient. Considerable variations were observed in the lymphocyte stimulations tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most patients reacted adequately to immunisation, especially against annual influenza and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, reiterating the usefulness of vaccinations. The most appropriate timing for vaccination after treatment still needs to be determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T08:05:03Z","timestamp":1703318703000},"page":"606-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adequate immune responses to vaccines after chemotherapy for leukaemia diagnosed in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"\u00ddmir","family":"\u00d3skarsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0976-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valt\u00fdr","family":"Thors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Hospital Iceland Landsp\u00edtali University 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