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The participants were examined according to an ophthalmological protocol, including history taking regarding perceptual visual dysfunction (PVD). Gestational age, aetiology and comorbidities were registered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 1989\u20131993 group, comprised 52 children (48% girls; mean age 10, range 7.7\u201312.8\u2009years), was compared with 24 children, born in 2007\u20132012 (29% girls; mean age 10, range 7.0\u201313.8\u2009years). Extreme prematurity (gestational age\u2009\u2264\u200928\u2009weeks) increased over time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). The vast majority of the children showed ophthalmological abnormalities, although motility defects and nystagmus decreased in the latter population. Subnormal visual acuity was associated with extreme prematurity (RR\u2009=\u20094.69; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030), and PVD with learning disability (RR\u2009=\u20092.44; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paediatric hydrocephalus populations may change with improved healthcare. Since a high percentage shows ophthalmological abnormalities and more children are born extremely preterm, the entirety needs consideration both neurologically and ophthalmologically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T16:09:30Z","timestamp":1714061370000},"page":"1653-1663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal trends in paediatric hydrocephalus \u2013 Rising prematurity and persistent ophthalmological challenges"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2295-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra U. 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