{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:15:48Z","timestamp":1790741748289,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Management of primary healthcare and routine minor procedures for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be challenging; therefore, when behavioural strategies fail, sedative medications are often employed. We evaluated the effectiveness of the current pharmacological strategies for managing children with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of the current approaches for procedural sedation in children with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty studies met inclusion criteria. Dexmedetomidine, midazolam, propofol and chloral hydrate were the most efficient agents for successful procedures, while propofol had the highest number of adverse events. The most frequently used agents were dexmedetomidine and midazolam or a combination of the two, and the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine plus midazolam was superior to dexmedetomidine alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple effective drug regimens exist for procedural sedation in children with ASD. These results could support the development of specific guidelines for procedural sedation in children with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T04:17:24Z","timestamp":1722485844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effectiveness of pharmacological procedural sedation in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5886-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Zupin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Sahyoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Geneva Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baruch","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Dagri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta Maria","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6343-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egidio","family":"Barbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo  Trieste Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Celsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.WHO autism.2023. Accessed December 5 2023.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/autism\u2010spectrum\u2010disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2696"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311299"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922811398959"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68230-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"Rstudio.Rstudio: IDE Integrated Development Environment for R.2023.http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13268"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media.Zotero [Computer software].2016www.zotero.org\/download"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1374"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1230"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"HarrerM CuijpersP FurukawaT EbertDD.dmetar: Companion R Package For The Guide \u201cDoing Meta\u2010Analysis in R\u201d.2019R package version 0.1.0.http:\/\/dmetar.protectlab.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200404000-00005"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of oral diazepam and midazolam for the sedation of autistic patients during dental treatment","volume":"27","author":"Pisalchaiyong T","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-1499-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","unstructured":"NHLBI (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute NH Lung and Blood Institute).Study Quality Assessment Tools \u2013 Observational Cohort and Cross\u2010Sectional Studies.2021. Accessed December 5 2023.https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\u2010topics\/study\u2010quality\u2010assessment\u2010tools"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","unstructured":"The GRADE Working Group.GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.2013.http:\/\/guidelinedevelopment.org\/handbook"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2022.102086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2009.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000160"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04095-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.15974"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3582-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42077-019-0047-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110945"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001776"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092724"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2014-101794"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.10.025"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"162","article-title":"Special care dentistry: midazolam conscious sedation for patients with neurological diseases","volume":"11","author":"Capp PL","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04658-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2022.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018578719836639"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073817753908"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.17364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T04:17:33Z","timestamp":1722485853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.17364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.17364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.17364","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"apa.17364"}}