{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:22:30Z","timestamp":1774380150984,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>After the relaxation of COVID\u201019 mitigation measures, we observed a dramatic increase in pyogenic infections. Based on this observation, we retrospectively analysed all cases of invasive bacterial infections of brain, lung and complicated ear\u2013nose\u2013throat (ENT) infections, in the period from 1 August to 31 March from the years 2018\u20132019 to 2022\u20132023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted in two Paediatric Emergency Departments, at IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019 of Trieste and at Treviso Hospital. Electronic medical records were searched for all cases with a definitive diagnosis at discharge of mastoiditis, suppurative cervical lymphadenitis, retropharyngeal, parapharyngeal and peritonsillar abscess (ENT group), bacterial brain abscesses, epidural empyema, subdural empyema (central nervous system group), thoracic empyema and necrotising pneumonia (lung group).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2022\u20132023, we observed an increase in infections compared to the previous years. Total number of cases were 22, 29, 8, 27 and 63 in 2018\u20132019, 2019\u20132020, 2020\u20132021, 2021\u20132022 and 2022\u20132023, respectively. The greater increase occurred in thoracic empyema, with a peak incidence of +120% in 2022\u20132023 in respect of 2021\u20132022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reported an important increase in paediatric bacterial complicated infections in two North East Italian regions, possibly correlated with the relaxation of COVID\u201019 social distancing measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T16:10:07Z","timestamp":1722960607000},"page":"2604-2609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Increase of pyogenic bacterial infections after relaxation of social distancing measures linked to <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3580-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2117-0781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Amaddeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Vanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Boscarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Minute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit Ca' Foncello Hospital  Treviso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6427-1366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d  Trieste 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