{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T06:55:25Z","timestamp":1782456925203,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prematurity is a risk factor for strabismus, but the roles of intermediate factors like retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and neurological lesions are less understood. We aimed to identify neonatal risk factors for strabismus at age 5.5 in preterm children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were extracted from the \u00e9tude \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique sur les petits \u00e2ges gestationnels 2 cohort, a French prospective population\u2010based study of preterm children born in 2011 with gestational age of 34\u2009weeks or less. Strabismus was recorded during a medical interview at 5.5\u2009years. Using a directed acyclic graph, intermediate and confounding factors were identified. Total and direct effects of gestational age on strabismus risk were analysed using generalised estimating equation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 2419 children assessed, 274 (52.6% male) presented strabismus at 5.5\u2009years. The direct effect of gestational age remained significant after adjustment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the complete imputed model: maternal smoking during pregnancy (odds ratio, OR 1.8; 95% confident interval, 95% CI 1.3\u20132.6), neonatal severe cerebral lesions (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8\u20134.6) and severe ROP (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.9\u20139.0) were independent risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Special attention is needed regarding strabismus screening at age 5.5 in preterm children, even without severe cerebral lesions and ROP. Smoking cessation during pregnancy should be encouraged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T05:01:36Z","timestamp":1726117296000},"page":"141-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gestational age, maternal smoking, neurological lesion and retinopathy predict strabismus at age 5.5 in preterm children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5082-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thibaut","family":"Chapron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et statistiques, \u00e9quipe de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie obst\u00e9tricale p\u00e9rinatale et p\u00e9diatrique, institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale, institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture l'alimentation et l'environnement  Paris France"},{"name":"Paediatric Ophthalmology Department Rothschild Foundation Hospital  Paris\u2010Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Pierrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et statistiques, \u00e9quipe de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie obst\u00e9tricale p\u00e9rinatale et p\u00e9diatrique, institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale, institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture l'alimentation et l'environnement  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Neonatalogy Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Cr\u00e9teil  Cr\u00e9teil France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Barjol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Ophthalmology Department Rothschild Foundation Hospital  Paris\u2010Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et statistiques, \u00e9quipe de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie obst\u00e9tricale p\u00e9rinatale et p\u00e9diatrique, institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale, institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture l'alimentation et l'environnement  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Ophthalmology Department Rothschild Foundation Hospital  Paris\u2010Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Yves","family":"Ancel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et statistiques, \u00e9quipe de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie obst\u00e9tricale p\u00e9rinatale et p\u00e9diatrique, institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale, institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture l'alimentation et l'environnement  Paris France"},{"name":"Clinical research unit Center for Clinical Investigation P1419, Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4699-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9loise","family":"Torchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et statistiques, \u00e9quipe de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie obst\u00e9tricale p\u00e9rinatale et p\u00e9diatrique, institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale, institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture 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