{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T23:04:39Z","timestamp":1769900679304,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to activities (supine rest, sitting, standing and walking) in children aged 6\u201312\u2009years with normal weight, overweight and obesity, focusing on sex\u2010specific differences. Overweight and obesity were categorised per World Health Organization criteria, emphasising their global health impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty\u2010four children were classified by weight status and assessed for heart rate (HR), breathing frequency (BF), minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), carbon dioxide production (VCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), resting energy expenditure (REE) and metabolic equivalents (METs) during each activity. Statistical analyses compared responses across weight and sex groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HR, BF and VE increased with activity intensity in all groups. Boys with overweight and boys with obesity had significantly higher HR than boys with normal weight, reflecting greater cardiac strain. VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and VCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were elevated in children with obesity, particularly girls, indicating increased metabolic demands. Boys with overweight and boys with obesity exhibited higher VE\/VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and VE\/VCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratios during low\u2010intensity activities, reflecting reduced ventilatory efficiency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strategies targeting respiratory and metabolic efficiency, including muscle strengthening and endurance exercises, are crucial for mitigating obesity\u2010related strain, particularly in girls. These findings highlight the need for tailored, sex\u2010specific interventions to address obesity in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T02:38:44Z","timestamp":1741747124000},"page":"1885-1894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Responses to Daily Activities in Children: Examining Sex Differences and Weight Categories"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1835-1773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narinrat","family":"Somwhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sports Science and Technology, Salaya Campus Mahidol University  Nakornpathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2923-413X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orawan","family":"Chareonphol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sports Science and Technology, Salaya Campus Mahidol University  Nakornpathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3925-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Papatsorn","family":"Ramyarangsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sports Science and Technology, Salaya Campus Mahidol University  Nakornpathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7604-0979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotchakorn","family":"Jumroenketpratheep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sports Science and Technology, Salaya Campus Mahidol University  Nakornpathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-3147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amornpan","family":"Ajjimaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sports Science and Technology, Salaya Campus Mahidol University  Nakornpathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50973-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Obesity and Overweight","author":"Organization WH","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2018.79001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/868573"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00524-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Overweight Prevalence in Thailand Ranks Third in Southeast Asia","author":"Languepin O.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"The Way Forward on Childhood Obesity Prevention in Thailand","author":"Institute for Population and Social Research MU","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Development During Middle Childhood: The Years From Six to Twelve","author":"National Research Council (US)","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48559-3.00015-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2015-0711"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2005.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjnph-2020-000074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Healthy Weight, Nutrition, and Physical Activity","author":"Division of Nutrition PA, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Predicting Basal Metabolic Rate, New Standards and Review of Previous Work","volume":"39","author":"Schofield W. 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