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In the 206 children with a dysmorphological evaluation, 9.2% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919) met criteria for a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, with alcohol\u2010related neurodevelopmental disorder accounting for 4.9% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910), fetal alcohol syndrome for 2.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095) and partial fetal alcohol syndrome for 1.9% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094). According to the conservative method using all eligible children as the denominator, the prevalence of FASD was 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3\u20138.4) and fetal alcohol syndrome 1.4% (95% CI 0.5\u20133.3).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lowest prevalence estimate of FASD in Sweden is similar to that found in other European countries, and four orders of magnitude more common than the prevalence of the diagnosis in official hospital records. A screening procedure for large\u2010scale studies may utilise both behavioural and anthropometric measures, including head circumference, depending on the objective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:48:05Z","timestamp":1741754885000},"page":"1935-1944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study in Western Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3249-8221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valdemar","family":"Landgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Skaraborg Hospital  Sk\u00f6vde Sweden"},{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajna","family":"Knez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Skaraborg Hospital  Sk\u00f6vde Sweden"},{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Psychiatry Skaraborgs Hospital  Sk\u00f6vde Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Skaraborg Hospital  Sk\u00f6vde Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Fernmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems and Analysis Consultant  Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychologist Consultant  Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Landgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb\u20102017\u20100077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cGlobal Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol \u201daccessed April 27 2024 https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/44395."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(13)70173\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Socialstyrelsen \u201cTillst\u00e5ndet Och Utvecklingen Inom H\u00e4lso\u2010 Och Sjukv\u00e5rd Och Socialtj\u00e4nst \u201dhttps:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepoint\u2010dokument\/artikelkatalog\/ovrigt\/2015\u20102\u201051.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"\u201cStatistikdatabaser\u2014Diagnoser\u2014Resultat \u201daccessed April 26 2024 https:\/\/sdb.socialstyrelsen.se\/if_par\/resultat.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"The ICD\u201010 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S367196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S374930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S358373"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015\u20104256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2008.00634.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010023\u201000420\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic Dysmorphology","author":"Aase J. 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