{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:42:50Z","timestamp":1792424570484,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCAF\/16\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCAF\/16\/03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91715359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91715359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["205300001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["205300001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n We examined the relationship between early\u2010life antibiotics, different regimens, and growth until age five years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Data from two parallel birth cohorts were analysed: 128 healthy term\u2010born children and 147 term\u2010born children who received antibiotics for suspected neonatal sepsis, randomised across three regimens: Amoxicillin+Cefotaxime, Augmentin+Gentamicin, Penicillin+Gentamicin. Until age five years, growth, environmental exposures, diet, and physical activity data were collected. Primary outcomes were weight\u2010for\u2010age, height\u2010for\u2010age, and weight\u2010for\u2010height\n z<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010scores with early\u2010life antibiotic exposure and the regimen as determinants of interest.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The median antibiotic exposure duration was 3\u2009days (interquartile range 2.4\u20135.5\u2009days). Children exposed to early\u2010life antibiotics had on average 0.26 lower weight\u2010for\u2010height\n z<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010scores over the first five years compared to unexposed controls (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.014). Especially children treated with Augmentin+Gentamicin showed lower weight\u2010for\u2010height\n z<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010scores, compared to unexposed controls (coefficient\u2009=\u20090.36;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.013). Additionally, at age five years, higher birth weight percentiles were associated with higher weight\u2010for\u2010age, height\u2010for\u2010age and weight\u2010for\u2010height and weekly lemonade consumption was associated with higher weight\u2010for\u2010age\n z<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010scores.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Antibiotics in the first week of life are associated with lower weight\u2010for\u2010height up to age five years, with effects varying by treatment type. To explain these effects, further examination of antimicrobial\u2010induced early\u2010life microbiome perturbations and subsequent growth is needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (\n https:\/\/trialsearch.who.int\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n ): NL4882 and NL3821\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T02:59:11Z","timestamp":1759892351000},"page":"309-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aberrant Growth in 5\u2010Year\u2010Old Children After Antibiotics in the First Week of Life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Lisanne M.","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Spaarne Hospital Haarlem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3373-804X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina J.","family":"van Beveren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Spaarne Hospital Haarlem the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases Wilhelmina Children's Hospital\/University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke A. G.","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Spaarne Hospital Haarlem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Souverein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland Haarlem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd","family":"Euser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland Haarlem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debby","family":"Bogaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases Wilhelmina Children's Hospital\/University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlies A.","family":"van Houten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Spaarne Hospital Haarlem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3409"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00285"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"Richtlijn \u2013 NVK [Internet] https:\/\/www.nvk.nl\/themas\/kwaliteit\/richtlijnen\/richtlijn?componentid=6881284."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002601107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abk2189"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1179721"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39285-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11552"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28525-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20495-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174419000722"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13230"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12717"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12843"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.17577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0554OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myatt [aut M cph]andE.Guevarra \u201czscorer: Child Anthropometryz\u2010score Calculator [Internet] \u201d (2019) https:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/web\/packages\/zscorer\/index.html.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.zscorer"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","unstructured":"R.Lenth \u201cemmeans: Estimated Marginal Means aka Least\u2010Squares Means. 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