{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:57:55Z","timestamp":1792616275269,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Measles is one of the oldest human diseases, but the fact that it was separate from smallpox, scarlatina and rubella was only disclosed a century ago. It is extremely contagious, as the infection may spread for up to 4\u2009days before the first symptoms appear. One patient may infect 12\u201318 secondary cases, who then spread the infection further. Before the vaccine era, measles caused 2\u20133 million deaths a year, with remote populations facing chaotic consequences from epidemics. Safe and inexpensive live\u2010virus vaccines, often combined with mumps and rubella components, have been available for 50\u2009years. The global death toll first dropped below 100\u2009000 per year in 2021, but setbacks have been seen in many countries, including Europe. High mortality is mainly due to immune amnesia, as previously acquired memory is partly disturbed because of the elimination of T and B cells. Impaired protection from pathogens other than measles recovers slowly in subsequent years. Measles is almost exclusively a human infection, which is potentially eradicable with vaccinations. It warrants two doses, especially when contacts with natural measles are minimal or lacking. The World Health Organization is running a measles and rubella elimination program, but current vaccination levels will make that difficult.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T11:45:28Z","timestamp":1763379928000},"page":"2361-2369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The History of Measles and Vaccine Development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Heikki","family":"Peltola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Infectious Diseases Emeritus University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"The Origin of Medical Terms","author":"Skinner H. 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