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Clinical information was obtained from national health registers. Maternal risk factors were assessed using all JIA cases from 2004 to 2017 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009101). For each case, five appropriately matched live\u2010born controls were selected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 175 JIA and 48 CA cases. About half were isolated anomalies. Gastrointestinal anomalies were the most common associated defects (26% in JIA, 35% in CA), followed by cardiac anomalies in JIA (13%) and urinary tract anomalies in CA (19%). Survival was 88% in JIA and 94% in CA. Only two of 224 patients died directly due to intestinal atresia. Maternal insulin use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.4, 95% CI 1.4\u201351.0) and propionic acid derivatives (aOR 4.6, 95% CI 1.5\u201314.8) were associated with increased JIA risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although associated anomalies were frequent, mortality in intestinal atresia remained low. Maternal insulin and propionic acid derivative use may meaningfully contribute to JIA risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:38:26Z","timestamp":1768405106000},"page":"1070-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intestinal Atresia in Finland: Maternal Risk Factors, Prevalence, Associated Anomalies and Survival"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3216-2186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esko","family":"Tahkola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland and University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arimatias","family":"Raitio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics University of Turku and Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Helenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Syv\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics University of Turku and Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Kemppainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Turku and Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliisa","family":"L\u00f6yttyniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Turku and Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarit K.","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data and Analytics Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Teratology Information Service, Emergency Medicine and Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data and Analytics Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare  Helsinki 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