{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T11:08:41Z","timestamp":1775732921301,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1195453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1195453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with Prader\u2010Willi syndrome (PWS) are at increased risk of both central (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Studies examining the effects of growth hormone have focused on older children; however, therapy is often initiated before the age of 2\u2009years. We determined the effects of age on (1) the number of children diagnosed with OSA and CSA; (2) the sleep and respiratory characteristics and (3) the effects of growth hormone on OSA and CSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective review of children with PWS who underwent polysomnography pre\u2010 and post\u2010growth hormone between January 2011 and June 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010six children (35 &lt;\u20092\u2009years; 21 \u2265\u20092\u2009years) pre\u2010growth hormone; 28 children &lt;\u20092\u2009years and 15 children \u2265\u20092\u2009years after growth hormone. Pre\u2010growth hormone, children \u2265\u20092\u2009years had more severe OSA than children &lt;\u20092\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There was no difference between age groups for CSA. Post\u2010growth hormone, 21% of children &lt;\u20092\u2009years and 20% of children \u2265\u20092\u2009years developed OSA. CSA resolved post\u2010growth hormone in 21% of children &lt;\u20092\u2009years and 6% of children \u2265\u20092\u2009years, whilst CSA developed in 11% and 13%, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study highlights that very young children do not appear to be at higher risk of development of OSA or CSA when treated with growth hormone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:38:12Z","timestamp":1769171892000},"page":"1106-1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age Does Not Affect Respiratory Characteristics in Children With Prader\u2010Willi Syndrome Before and After Growth Hormone Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Ip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sze Lut","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Okkes R.","family":"Patoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2351-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Plunkett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren C.","family":"Nisbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Children's Sleep Centre Monash Children's Hospital  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian M.","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Children's Sleep Centre Monash Children's Hospital  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margot J.","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Children's Sleep Centre Monash Children's Hospital  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary S. C.","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.77.5.2224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-025-00681-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Foundation for Prader Willi Research \u201cThe Importance of Removal or Resignation Procedures Therapy for PWS \u201d (2020) 2024 11\/06\/2024 https:\/\/wwwfpwrorg\/the\u2010importance\u2010of\u2010growth\u2010hormone\u2010therapy\u2010for\u2010pws#what_is_it."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1831"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications","author":"Iber C.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications","author":"Berry R.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3888"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9788"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2142164.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106567"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-024-01083-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01254-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1279"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.07.042"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11140","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Effect of Removal or Resignation Procedures on Sleep\u2010Disordered Breathing in Malaysian Children With Prader\u2010Willi Syndrome: A Retrospective Study","volume":"20","author":"Tan Y. 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