{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:08:16Z","timestamp":1784308096605,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional constipation is common during childhood. Parents' concerns about their child's bowel habits are often the reason for seeking healthcare. We aim to report data on normal bowel habits, prevalence of functional constipation, long\u2010term outcome, and a search for risk factors in children during the first 2.5\u2009years of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective longitudinal birth\u2010cohort study included 122 healthy term infants, and repeated questionnaires were answered by parents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stool frequency declined with age and stabilised after 6\u2009months. Stool consistencies changed, with hard and very hard stools increasing with age. Functional constipation was found in 22.1%, and at the last follow\u2010up, 69.6% were still on medication. Relapse was seen in 26.1% on follow\u2010up. Risk factors at baseline or at 2\u2009months of age that increased the odds of having functional constipation thereafter were not found. Breastfeeding at 2\u2009weeks decreased the probability of FC in the first 2.5\u2009years of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report data on normal bowel habits from birth to 2.5\u2009years of age. One fifth of the children were diagnosed with functional constipation, and relapse was common; therefore, endurance of treatment, repeated visits, and long\u2010term follow\u2010up are necessary since many children need medication for several years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:42:13Z","timestamp":1775713333000},"page":"1672-1680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bowel Habits and Functional Constipation in Healthy Children\u2014A Longitudinal Birth\u2010Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4390-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Gatzinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University  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