{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:48:53Z","timestamp":1791618533195,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of oral propranolol versus topical timolol for the treatment of superficial infantile haemangiomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to April 23, 2026. Only randomized controlled trials comparing oral propranolol with topical timolol for superficial infantile haemangiomas were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool. The primary outcomes were overall response rate and incidence of systemic adverse events. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed\u2010effect models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven randomized controlled trials comprising 428 infants were included. Topical timolol was comparable to oral propranolol in overall response rate (RR\u2009=\u20091.09, 95% CI 0.97\u20131.23,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.17;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%). Topical timolol significantly reduced the risk of systemic adverse events compared with oral propranolol (RR\u2009=\u20090.35, 95% CI 0.20\u20130.59,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20099%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical timolol demonstrates comparable efficacy to oral propranolol for superficial infantile haemangiomas and has a significantly superior safety profile with a 65% reduction in systemic adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:01:48Z","timestamp":1791615708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral Propranolol Versus Topical Timolol for the Treatment of Infantile Haemangiomas: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5862-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwen","family":"Weng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7101-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongli","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Infantile Hemangiomas: A Review and Future Opportunities","volume":"120","author":"Eisenstein K. 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Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","article-title":"Comparison of Outcome of Outpatient Topical Timolol vs. Oral Propranolol in Management of Infantile Hemangioma: A Single Center Experience \u2010 a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"22","author":"Rehan M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.09.005"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"Clinical Application of 0.5% Timolol Maleate Eye Drops in Superficial Infantile Hemangioma of the Maxillofacial Region","volume":"28","author":"Tong G. 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