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Medullary hypoxia is pivotal in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content>, as indicated by invasively and pin\u2010point measured tissue oxygenation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> provides spatially resolved blood oxygenation level\u2013dependent data using T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mapping. We studied <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content> effects on renal T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*\/T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and benchmarked them against short periods of hyperoxia, hypoxia and aortic occlusion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AO<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats were equipped with carotid artery catheters (tip towards aorta) and supra\u2010renal aortic occluders. T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*\/T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mapping was performed using a 9.4\u2010T animal scanner. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content> (1.5\u00a0mL iodixanol) was injected into the thoracic aorta with the animal in the scanner followed by 2\u00a0h of T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*\/T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mapping. For T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*\/T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> assessment, regions of interest in the cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>), outer medulla (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OM<\/jats:styled-content>), inner medulla (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>) and papilla (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>) were determined according to morphological features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperoxia increased T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* in C (by 17%) and all medullary layers (25\u201335%). Hypoxia decreased T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* in C (40%) and all medullary layers (55\u201360%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AO<\/jats:styled-content> decreased T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* in C (18%) and all medullary layers (30\u201340%). Upon injection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content>, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* increased transiently, then decreased, reaching values 10\u201320% below baseline in C and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OM<\/jats:styled-content> and 30\u201340% below baseline in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content> and P.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* mapping corroborates data previously obtained with invasive methods and demonstrates that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content> injection affects renal medullary oxygenation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* decrease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OM<\/jats:styled-content> was small vs. hypoxia and aortic occlusion. T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* decrease obtained for hypoxia was more pronounced than for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AO<\/jats:styled-content>. This indicates that T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* may not accurately reflect blood oxygenation under certain conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T22:48:00Z","timestamp":1363128480000},"page":"202-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Early effects of an x\u2010ray contrast medium on renal T<sub>2<\/sub>*\/T<sub>2<\/sub><scp>MRI<\/scp> as compared to short\u2010term hyperoxia, hypoxia and aortic occlusion in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Arakelyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Research Institut f\u00fcr Vegetative Physiologie Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.) 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