{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:21:58Z","timestamp":1792718518738,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>The murine electrocardiogram (ECG<\/jats:styled-content>) is a valuable tool in cardiac research, although the definition of the T<\/jats:styled-content> wave has been a matter of debate for several years potentially leading to incomparable data. By this study, we seek to make a clear definition of the murine T<\/jats:styled-content> wave. Moreover, we investigate the consequences of performing QT<\/jats:styled-content> interval correction in anaesthetized mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Electrocardiograms from conscious mice were recorded by implanted telemetry devices. Surface ECG<\/jats:styled-content>s were recorded from anaesthetized mice before and during pharmacological interventions, ventricular ischaemia and heart failure. Right atrial pacing was performed to evaluate the relationship between heart rate and QT<\/jats:styled-content> intervals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Electrocardiogram traces of conscious and anaesthetized mice (lead II<\/jats:styled-content>) showed separable positive J<\/jats:styled-content> waves and negative T<\/jats:styled-content> waves. The end of the T<\/jats:styled-content> wave was determined as the point where the T<\/jats:styled-content> wave returned to the isoelectric line. Atrial pacing revealed that the duration of the QT<\/jats:styled-content> interval is independent of heart rate in anaesthetized mice. The calcium channel blocker, verapamil, prolonged the PR<\/jats:styled-content> interval; however, the polarities of the J<\/jats:styled-content> and T<\/jats:styled-content> waves were not changed. Local cardiac ischaemia and \u03b2\u2010adrenergic stimulation caused indistinguishable positive J<\/jats:styled-content> and T<\/jats:styled-content> waves. In contrast, chronic heart failure caused entirely negative J<\/jats:styled-content> and T<\/jats:styled-content> waves. In every case, the end of the T<\/jats:styled-content> wave was clearly distinguishable on the ECG<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The end of the T<\/jats:styled-content> wave is readily available from conscious and anaesthetized mice. Heart rate correction of QT<\/jats:styled-content> interval duration in the anaesthetized mouse is not recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T01:44:14Z","timestamp":1381542254000},"page":"262-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Physiology and analysis of the electrocardiographic T<\/scp> wave in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Speerschneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. B.","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-012-9348-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JICE.0000035922.14870.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03091824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"H2310","article-title":"Beta\u2010adrenergic regulation of action potentials and automaticity in young and adult canine purkinje fibers","volume":"266","author":"Charpentier F.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"e21","article-title":"Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on the cardiovascular function of the C57BL\/6 mouse","volume":"52","author":"Constantinides C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01091.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.2.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-5172.2004.00391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.054064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.01089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(88)90456-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.274.3.H747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio1130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00002.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(97)00273-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.09.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI100020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200211000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/28.10.1547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000068344.54010.B3"}],"container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapha.12172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apha.12172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T04:33:39Z","timestamp":1696480419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apha.12172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apha.12172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apha.12172","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-1708","1748-1716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-1708","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-1716","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]}}}