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Adverse childhood experiences or early life stress (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELS<\/jats:styled-content>) may be considered a silent independent risk factor capable of predicting future cardiovascular disease risk. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>aternal separation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>at<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ep) provides a suitable model to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELS<\/jats:styled-content> increases the risk to develop cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The aim of this review is to describe the links between behavioural stress early in life and chronic cardiovascular disease risk in adulthood. We will discuss the following: (i) adult cardiovascular outcomes in humans subjected to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELS<\/jats:styled-content>, (ii) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>at<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ep as an animal model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELS<\/jats:styled-content> as well as the limitations and advantages of this model in rodents and (iii) possible <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced mechanisms that predispose individuals to greater cardiovascular risk. Overall, exposure to a behavioural stressor early in life sensitizes the response to a second stressor later in life, thus unmasking an exaggerated cardiovascular dysfunction that may influence quality of life and life expectancy in adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T16:56:57Z","timestamp":1383065817000},"page":"277-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["A mechanistic look at the effects of adversity early in life on cardiovascular disease risk during adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"A. S.","family":"Loria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Experimental Medicine Department of Medicine Georgia Regents University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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