{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:33:39Z","timestamp":1759336419590,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]],"date-time":"2014-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004825","name":"The Nordea foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>After both oral and intravenous glucose administration, peripheral insulin concentrations are lower in trained compared with untrained humans. Part of this is explained by an adaptation within the <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010cell. The insulin secretion rate is higher after oral compared with intravenous glucose administration due to the release of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) and glucose\u2010dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIP<\/jats:styled-content>) enhancing the glucose\u2010induced insulin secretion (the incretin effect). Our aim was to investigate whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIP<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 release or the incretin effect was different in trained compared with untrained humans after oral and intravenous glucose administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3\u00bd\u2010h oral glucose tolerance test was performed in eleven trained and ten untrained, young, healthy men. On a separate day, an isoglycaemic intravenous glucose infusion was performed matching the individual glucose concentrations obtained during the oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples for insulin, C\u2010peptide, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 analyses were obtained frequently during both tests, and the insulin secretion rate, incretin effect and insulin clearance were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 concentrations, the incretin effect and the insulin clearance did not differ, and plasma glucose, insulin and C\u2010peptide concentrations and the insulin secretion rate were lower in trained compared with untrained subjects during both tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>With no difference in incretin effect and insulin clearance between the two groups, the lower plasma insulin concentrations found in trained compared with untrained, young, healthy men are most likely explained by lower \u03b2\u2010cell sensitivity to glucose and enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in the former group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,20]],"date-time":"2013-12-20T07:06:44Z","timestamp":1387523204000},"page":"565-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The incretin effect does not differ in trained and untrained, young, healthy men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"M. 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