{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T22:27:47Z","timestamp":1758925667118},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effect of chromium chloride (CrCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) on healthy skeletal muscle glucose uptake in the absence and presence of submaximal insulin using the rat hindlimb perfusion technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly assigned to an experimental group: basal (Bas), chromium chloride (Cr), submaximal insulin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns) or chromium chloride plus submaximal insulin (Cr\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insulin significantly increased [H<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>]\u20102 deoxyglucose (2\u2010DG) uptake in the gastrocnemius muscles. Additionally, Cr\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns displayed greater rates of 2\u2010DG uptake than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns (Cr\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns 6.86\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.74\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>mol\u00a0g\u00a0h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> vs. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns 4.83\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.42\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>mol\u00a0g\u00a0h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). There was no difference between Cr and Bas treatment groups. It has been speculated that chromium works to increase glucose uptake by increasing insulin signalling. We found that Akt and AS160 phosphorylation was increased in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sINS<\/jats:styled-content> treatment group, while chromium treatment had no additional effect on Akt or AS160 phosphorylation in the absence or presence of insulin. Cr\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns significantly increased plasma membrane GLUT4 concentration above that of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns (Cr\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns 72.22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.7%, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sI<\/jats:styled-content>ns 53.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.1%), but in the absence of insulin, chromium had no effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure of healthy skeletal muscle to chromium may increase skeletal muscle insulin\u2010stimulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLUT<\/jats:styled-content>4 translocation and glucose uptake. However, these effects do not appear to result from enhanced insulin signalling proximal to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>160.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]],"date-time":"2014-09-04T23:43:31Z","timestamp":1409874211000},"page":"205-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chromium chloride increases insulin\u2010stimulated glucose uptake in the perfused rat hindlimb"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"212","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"P. 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