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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      r\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      on the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to exercise with both a large (cycle) and a small [knee extensor (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )] muscle mass in comparison with well\u2010matched healthy controls (Ctrls).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Utilizing blood sampling and thermodilution blood flow measurements, we studied incremental cycle and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      exercise in 12 patients with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      r\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (ejection fraction: 25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03%) and eight Ctrls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Incremental cycle exercise in both groups [heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): 23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01 to 116\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010; Ctrls: 22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01 to 137\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0W] resulted in a similar rise in blood flow (HFrEF: 1525\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0132 to 4216\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0408; Ctrls: 1774\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0161 to 4713\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0448\u00a0mL\u00a0min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), oxygen uptake (HFrEF: 206\u00a0\u00b1\u00a024 to 586\u00a0\u00b1\u00a034; Ctrls: 252\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021 to 747\u00a0\u00b1\u00a089\u00a0mL\u00a0min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and lactate efflux across the leg (HFrEF: 479\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0122 to 4929\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01255; Ctrls: 537\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0155 to 5776\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01010\u00a0m\n                      <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u00a0min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Vascular resistance fell similarly in both groups with increasing exercise intensity (HFrEF: 66\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010 to 24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03; Ctrls: 69\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012 to 24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0mmHg\u00a0L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Incremental KE exercise also revealed similar haemodynamic and metabolic responses in both Ctrls and patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although assessed in a relatively small cohort, these data reveal that, when compared with well\u2010matched healthy Ctrls, alterations in peripheral haemodynamics and skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise may not be an obligatory accompaniment to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      r\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T09:57:36Z","timestamp":1415786256000},"page":"688-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Incremental large and small muscle mass exercise in patients with heart failure: evidence of preserved peripheral haemodynamics and metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"213","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Esposito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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