{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:23:44Z","timestamp":1792002224870,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFR 2012\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFR 2012\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse the effects of angiotensin<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>(Ang<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) on the contractility of human sigmoid colon, and to characterize the subtype(s) of receptor(s) involved and the related action mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The contractility of sigmoid colon circular muscle strips was recorded isometrically.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>and immunohistochemistry were used to reveal the eventual existence of a local renin\u2013angiotensin system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAS<\/jats:styled-content>) and the distribution of Ang<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>receptors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcripts encoding for the Ang<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>type 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and the Ang<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>type 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) receptor subtypes and for the angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme in the whole\u2010thickness muscular wall were observed. Ang<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>caused a concentration\u2010dependent contractile response, which is antagonized by losartan,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist, but not by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>123319,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist. The joint application of losartan and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>123319 did not produce any additive effect. The contractile response to Ang<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>was partially reduced by tetrodotoxin, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>voltage\u2010gated neural channel blocker, and to some extent by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>48968, tachykinin<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist. However, hexamethonium, nicotinic receptor antagonist, atropine, cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>140333, tachykinin<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist, were ineffective. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptors were expressed on the smooth muscle layers and myenteric plexus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ang<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>positively modulates the spontaneous contractile activity of human sigmoid colon via activation of post\u2010junctional and pre\u2010junctional<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptors, the latter located on the enteric nerves that modulate the release of tachykinins. The presence of the components of RAS in the human colon suggests that Ang<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>can be also locally generated to control colonic motility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,6]],"date-time":"2015-06-06T08:13:46Z","timestamp":1433578426000},"page":"37-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Activation of angiotensin<scp>II<\/scp>type 1 receptors and contractile activity in human sigmoid colon<i>in\u00a0vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Mastropaolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Laboratorio di Fisiologia generale Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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