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However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying such beneficial effect. In this study, we aimed to, firstly, examine the contribution of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWEAK<\/jats:styled-content> signalling to cancer\u2010induced skeletal muscle wasting and, secondly, evaluate whether long\u2010term exercise alters <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWEAK<\/jats:styled-content> signalling and prevents muscle wasting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control and exercise groups. Fifteen animals from each group were exposed to <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010Methyl\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosourea carcinogen. Animals in exercise groups were submitted to moderate treadmill exercise for 35\u00a0weeks. After the experimental period, animals were killed and <jats:italic>gastrocnemius<\/jats:italic> muscles were harvested for morphological and biochemical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We verified that exercise training prevented tumour\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWEAK<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B signalling in skeletal muscle with a beneficial impact in fibre cross\u2010sectional area and metabolism. Indeed, 35\u00a0weeks of exercise training promoted the upregulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and oxidative phosphorylation complexes. This exercise\u2010induced muscle remodelling in tumour\u2010bearing animals was associated with less malignant mammary lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data support the benefits of an active lifestyle for the prevention of muscle wasting secondary to breast cancer, highlighting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWEAK<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B signalling as a potential therapeutic target for the preservation of muscle mass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T14:52:47Z","timestamp":1464274367000},"page":"803-813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Long\u2010term exercise training prevents mammary tumorigenesis\u2010induced muscle wasting in rats through the regulation of <scp>TWEAK<\/scp> signalling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"A. 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