{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:01:54Z","timestamp":1790258514070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000341","name":"Arthritis Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The potential for tendinous tissues to adapt to functional overload, especially after several years of exposure to heavy\u2010resistance training, is largely unexplored. This study compared the morphological and mechanical characteristics of the patellar tendon and knee extensor tendon\u2010aponeurosis complex between young men exposed to long\u2010term (4\u00a0years; n\u00a0=\u00a016), short\u2010term (12\u00a0weeks; n\u00a0=\u00a015) and no (untrained controls; n\u00a0=\u00a039) functional overload in the form of heavy\u2010resistance training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patellar tendon cross\u2010sectional area, vastus lateralis aponeurosis area and quadriceps femoris volume, plus patellar tendon stiffness and Young's modulus, and tendon\u2010aponeurosis complex stiffness, were quantified with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, dynamometry and ultrasonography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>As expected, long\u2010term trained had greater muscle strength and volume (+58% and +56% vs untrained, both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), as well as a greater aponeurosis area (+17% vs untrained, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01), but tendon cross\u2010sectional area (mean and regional) was not different between groups. Only long\u2010term trained had reduced patellar tendon elongation\/strain over the whole force\/stress range, whilst both short\u2010term and long\u2010term overload groups had similarly greater stiffness\/Young's modulus at high force\/stress (short\u2010term +25\/22%, and long\u2010term +17\/23% vs untrained; all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Tendon\u2010aponeurosis complex stiffness was not different between groups (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.149).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite large differences in muscle strength and size, years of resistance training did not induce tendon hypertrophy. Both short\u2010term and long\u2010term overload demonstrated similar increases in high\u2010force mechanical and material stiffness, but reduced elongation\/strain over the whole force\/stress range occurred only after years of overload, indicating a force\/strain specific time\u2010course to these adaptations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T17:52:36Z","timestamp":1513619556000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Tendinous tissue properties after short\u2010 and long\u2010term functional overload: Differences between controls, 12\u00a0weeks and 4\u00a0years of resistance training"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. 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