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We also measured in thoracic aortic samples, the activities of the pro\u2010oxidant enzymes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NADPH<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOX<\/jats:styled-content>) and xanthine oxidase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XO<\/jats:styled-content>), the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the advanced oxidation protein products (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOPP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2014oxidative stress marker). Finally, we used aortic rings to assess the contractile response to phenylephrine and the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 7 or 35\u00a0days of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIH<\/jats:styled-content>, E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> supplementation reduced arterial pressure. E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reduced plasma endothelin\u20101 levels after 7\u00a0days of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIH<\/jats:styled-content>, but not after 35\u00a0days. Ovariectomy, but not <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIH<\/jats:styled-content> for 7\u00a0days, increased aortic oxidative stress and E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> treatment prevented this effect. Remarkably, in animals exposed to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>, this was achieved by a reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOX<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XO<\/jats:styled-content> activities, but in animals exposed to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIH<\/jats:styled-content> this was achieved by increased catalase activity. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVX<\/jats:styled-content> female rats exposed to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIH<\/jats:styled-content> for 7\u00a0days, E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> supplementation improved the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated vasodilation. After 35\u00a0days of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIH<\/jats:styled-content>, enzymatic activities, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOPP<\/jats:styled-content> and aortic reactivity were similar in all groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010based therapy could help prevent the vascular consequences of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIH<\/jats:styled-content> in apneic women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T10:04:20Z","timestamp":1530093860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Protective roles of estradiol against vascular oxidative stress in ovariectomized female rats exposed to normoxia or intermittent 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