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We hypothesized that agonists of oestradiol receptors (ER) \u03b1 and \u03b2 prevent CIH\u2010induced hypertension and brain mitochondrial dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ovariectomized female rats were implanted with osmotic pumps delivering vehicle (Veh), the ER\u03b1 agonist propylpyraoletriol (PPT \u2014 30\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg\/day) or the ER\u03b2 agonist diarylpropionitril (DPN \u2014 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg\/day). Animals were exposed to CIH (21%\u201010% F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> \u2014 10 cycles\/hour \u2013 8\u00a0hours\/day \u2013 7\u00a0days) or normoxia. Arterial blood pressure was measured after CIH or normoxia exposures. Mitochondrial respiration and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production were measured in brain cortex with high\u2010resolution respirometry, as well as activity of complex I and IV of the electron transport chain, citrate synthase, pyruvate, and lactate dehydrogenase (PDH and LDH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Propylpyraoletriol but not DPN prevented the rise of arterial pressure induced by CIH. CIH exposures decreased O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> consumption, complex I activity, and increased H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production. CIH had no effect on citrate synthase activity, but decreased PDH activity and increased LDH activity indicating higher anaerobic glycolysis. Propylpyraoletriol and DPN treatments prevented all these alterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that in OVX female rats, the ER\u03b1 agonist prevents from CIH\u2010induced hypertension while both ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2 agonists prevent the brain mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic switch induced by CIH. These findings may have implications for menopausal women suffering of sleep apnoea regarding hormonal therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,12]],"date-time":"2019-01-12T06:19:57Z","timestamp":1547273997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Roles of oestradiol receptor alpha and beta against hypertension and brain mitochondrial dysfunction under intermittent hypoxia in female rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Sofien","family":"Laouafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec Universit\u00e9 Laval Quebec City Quebec 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