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Abnormal interaction between the hypothalamus and adipose tissues is a key trigger of energy metabolism dysfunction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate intercellular communication by transporting intracellular cargo to recipient cells thereby altering the function of recipient cells. This study aimed to evaluate whether adipocyte\u2010derived EVs can act on hypothalamic neurons to modulate energy intake and to identify the EV\u2010associated non\u2010coding RNAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Confocal imaging was used to trace the uptake of labelled adipocyte\u2010derived exosomes by hypothalamic anorexigenic POMC neurons. The effects of adipocyte\u2010derived EVs on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in POMC neurons were evaluated based on mRNA and protein expression in vitro using quantitative real\u2010time PCR and western blotting. In addition, adipocyte\u2010derived EVs were injected into recipient mice, and changes in mice body weight and daily food intake were monitored. The biological effects of the EV\u2010associated MALAT1 on POMC neurons were explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adipocyte\u2010derived EVs were successfully transferred into POMC neurons in vitro. Results showed that adipocytes of obese mice secreted MALAT1\u2010containing EVs, which increased appetite and weight when administered to lean mice. Conversely, adipocyte\u2010derived EVs from lean mice decreased food intake and weight when administered to obese mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adipocyte\u2010derived EVs play important roles in mediating the interaction between adipocytes and hypothalamic neurons. Adipocyte\u2010derived EVs can regulate POMC expression through the hypothalamic mTOR signalling in vivo and in vitro, thereby affecting body energy intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,6]],"date-time":"2019-07-06T11:48:17Z","timestamp":1562413697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Adipocyte\u2010derived extracellular vesicles modulate appetite and weight through mTOR signalling in the hypothalamus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical 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