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Naked mole\u2010rats (<jats:italic>Heterocephalus glaber<\/jats:italic>, NMRs), eusocial mammals that live in large colonies, are among the most hypoxia\u2010tolerant mammals, and rely almost solely on decreases in metabolism with little change in ventilation during hypoxia. We hypothesized that the remarkable hypoxia tolerance\u00a0of NMRs is an evolutionarily conserved trait derived from repeated exposure to severe hypoxia owing to their burrow environment and eusocial colony organization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used whole\u2010body plethysmography and indirect calorimetry to measure the hypoxic ventilatory and metabolic responses of eight mole\u2010rat species closely related to the NMR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that all eight\u00a0species examined had a strong tolerance to hypoxia, with most species tolerating 3\u00a0kPa O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>Heliophobius emini<\/jats:italic> tolerating 2\u00a0kPa O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>Bathyergus suillus<\/jats:italic> tolerating 5\u00a0kPa O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. All species examined employed a combination of increases in ventilation and decreases in metabolism in hypoxia, a response midway between that of the NMR and that of other fossorial species (larger ventilatory responses, lesser reductions in metabolism). We found that eusociality is not fundamental to the physiological response to hypoxia of NMRs as <jats:italic>Fukomys damarensis<\/jats:italic>, another eusocial species, was among this group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggest that, while the NMR is unique in the pattern of their physiological response to hypoxia, eight closely related mole\u2010rat species share the ability to tolerate hypoxia like the current \u201chypoxia\u2010tolerant champion,\u201d the NMR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T09:48:25Z","timestamp":1577699305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The hypoxia tolerance of eight related African mole\u2010rat species rivals that of naked mole\u2010rats, despite divergent ventilatory and metabolic strategies in severe hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Ivy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Sprenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel C.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"van Jaarsveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South 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