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UVR penetrates into human skin leading to release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. These messengers released from local sensory nerves, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), mast cells, melanocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) modulate local and systemic immune responses, mediate inflammation and promote differing cell biologic effects. In this review, we will focus on both animal and human studies that elucidate the roles of calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), nitric oxide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives in mediating immune and inflammatory effects of exposure to UVR as well as other cell biologic effects of UVR exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T10:56:35Z","timestamp":1615892195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neuropeptides and neurohormones in immune, inflammatory and cellular responses to ultraviolet radiation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Cameron R.","family":"Moattari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2824-7411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard D.","family":"Granstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Biological effects of sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation and vitamin D for health","volume":"36","author":"Holick MF","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0185-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(00)19035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1PP05219E"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04474.x"},{"issue":"1545","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"e1546","article-title":"Exposure to solar UVR suppresses cell\u2010mediated immunization responses in humans: the Australian Ultraviolet Radiation and Immunity Study","volume":"139","author":"Swaminathan A","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/2005-02-15-IR-441"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0PP00146E"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01943-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2015.1074587"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arias\u2010ReyesC Carvajal\u2010RodriguezF Poma\u2010MachicaoL et al.Decreased incidence virus transmission capacity and severity of COVID\u201019 at altitude on the American continent. 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