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Children and adults with acute pyelonephritis have a urinary concentration defect and studies in children revealed increased AQP2 excretion in the urine. This study aimed to analyse AQP2 trafficking in response to acute pyelonephritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunofluorescence analysis was used to evaluate subcellular localization of AQP2 and AQP2\u2010S256A (mimicking non\u2010phosphorylated AQP2 on serine 256) in cells stimulated with bacterial lysates and of AQP2 and pS256\u2010AQP2 in a mouse model at day 5 of acute pyelonephritis. Western blotting was used to evaluate AQP2 levels and AQP2 phosphorylation on S256 upon incubation with bacterial lysates. Time\u2010lapse imaging was used to measure intracellular cAMP levels in response to incubation with bacterial lysates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In cell cultures, lysates from both uropathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria\u2010mediated AQP2 plasma membrane targeting and increased AQP2 phosphorylation on serine 256 (pS256) without increasing cAMP levels. Both bacterial lysates induced plasma membrane targeting of AQP2\u2010S256A. Immunofluorescence analysis of renal sections from mice after 5\u00a0days of acute pyelonephritis revealed apical plasma membrane targeting of AQP2 and pS256\u2010AQP2 in inner medullary collecting ducts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uropathogenic bacteria induce AQP2 plasma membrane targeting <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. cAMP levels were not elevated by the bacterial lysates and AQP2 plasma membrane targeting could occur without S256 phosphorylation. This may explain increased AQP2 excretion in the urine during acute pyelonephritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T16:39:34Z","timestamp":1641227974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Acute pyelonephritis: Increased plasma membrane targeting of renal aquaporin\u20102"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Christina V.","family":"Ernstsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric H.","family":"Login","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus 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