{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:42:01Z","timestamp":1792640521072,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective studies suggest that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in pediatric patients may lead to an increased risk of cardiac events. However, the exact functional and temporal dynamics and the associations between heart and brain pathophysiological trajectories are not understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single impact to the left somatosensory cortical area of the intact skull was performed on juvenile mice (17\u2009days postnatal). Cerebral 3D photoacoustic imaging was used to measure the oxygen saturation (sO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in the impacted area 4\u00a0h after mTBI followed by 2D and 4D echocardiography at days 7, 30, 90, and 190 post\u2010impact. At 8\u00a0months, we performed a dobutamine stress test to evaluate cardiac function. Lastly, behavioral analyses were conducted 1 year after initial injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a rapid and transient decrease in cerebrovascular sO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and increased hemoglobin in the impacted left brain cortex. Cardiac analyses showed long\u2010term diastolic dysfunction and a diminished systolic strain response under stress in the mTBI group. At the molecular level, cardiac T\u2010p38MAPK and troponin I expression was pathologic modified post\u2010mTBI. We found linear correlations between brain sO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> measured immediately post\u2010mTBI and long\u2010term cardiac strain after 8\u00a0months. We report that initial cerebrovascular hypoxia and chronic cardiac dysfunction correlated with long\u2010term behavioral changes hinting at anxiety\u2010like and memory maladaptation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental juvenile mTBI induces time\u2010dependent cardiac dysfunction that corresponds to the initial neurovascular sO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dip and is associated with long\u2010term behavioral modifications. These imaging biomarkers of the heart\u2013brain axis could be applied to improve clinical pediatric mTBI management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T10:30:01Z","timestamp":1673346601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neurovascular hypoxia after mild traumatic brain injury in juvenile mice correlates with heart\u2013brain dysfunctions in adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"238","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3548-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Leyba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitchawat","family":"Paiyabhroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhyMedExp INSERM\/CNRS\/Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IPAM\/Biocampus  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Salvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick W.","family":"Damen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Janvier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Genomique Fonctionnelle Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Zub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Genomique Fonctionnelle Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Bernis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Maladies M\u00e9taboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Inserm\/Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier UMR1048  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Rouland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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