{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:23:04Z","timestamp":1789597384186,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postprandial secretion of the appetite\u2010inhibiting hormones, glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101), and peptide YY are reduced with obesity. It is unclear if the reduced secretion persists following weight loss (WL), if other appetite\u2010inhibiting hormones are also reduced, and if so whether reduced secretion results from intrinsic changes in the gut.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To address whether WL may restore secretion of GLP\u20101 and other appetite\u2010inhibiting hormones, we performed a gut perfusion study of the small intestine in diet\u2010induced obese (DIO) rats after WL. A 20% weight loss (means\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM (g): 916\u2009\u00b1\u200953 vs. 703\u2009\u00b1\u200935, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07) was induced by calorie restriction, and maintained stable for \u22657\u2009days prior to gut perfusion to allow for complete renewal of enteroendocrine cells. Age\u2010matched DIO rats were used as comparator. Several gut hormones were analyzed from the venous effluent, and gene expression was performed on gut tissue along the entire length of the intestine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secretion of cholecystokinin, gastrin, glucose\u2010dependent insulinotropic peptide, GLP\u20101, neurotensin, and somatostatin was not affected by WL during basal conditions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.25) or in response to macronutrients and bile acids (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.14). Glucose absorption was indistinguishable following WL. The expression of genes encoding the studied peptides, macronutrient transporters (glucose, fructose, and di\u2010\/tripeptides) and bile acid receptors did also not differ between DIO and WL groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data suggest that the attenuated postprandial responses of GLP\u20101, as well as reduced responses of other appetite\u2010inhibiting gut hormones, in people living with obesity may persist after weight loss and may contribute to their susceptibility for weight regain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T06:45:37Z","timestamp":1675925137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Weight loss by calorie restriction does not alter appetite\u2010regulating gut hormone responses from perfused rat small intestine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Marina K.","family":"Gerstenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Translation Novo Nordisk A\/S  M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lola","family":"Torz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Drug Discovery Novo Nordisk A\/S  M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Castorena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Drug Discovery Novo Nordisk A\/S  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