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Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and mitochondrial function were assessed on three occasions: in the morning, 14\u2009h after an overnight fast without prior exercise (RE), as well as after 3 h of prolonged continuous exercise at 65% of VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max (PE) or 5\u2009\u00d7\u20094 min at ~95% of VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max (HIIT) on a cycle ergometer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucose tolerance was markedly reduced in END after PE compared with RE. END also exhibited elevated fasting serum FFA and ketones levels, reduced insulin sensitivity and glucose oxidation, and increased fat oxidation during the OGTT. CON showed insignificant changes in glucose tolerance and the aforementioned measurements compared with RE. HIIT did not alter glucose tolerance in either group. Neither PE nor HIIT affected mitochondrial function in either group. END also exhibited increased activity of 3\u2010hydroxyacyl\u2010CoA dehydrogenase activity in muscle extracts vs. CON.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prolonged exercise reduces glucose tolerance and increases insulin resistance in endurance athletes the following day. These findings are associated with an increased lipid load, a high capacity to oxidize lipids, and increased fat oxidation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T14:34:25Z","timestamp":1680705265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after prolonged exercise in endurance athletes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"238","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7743-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Flockhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH  Stockholm 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