{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:24:57Z","timestamp":1753878297077,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270455","31571168","81801047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270455","31571168","81801047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enhanced cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) promotes sympathetic hyperactivation in chronic heart failure (CHF). Salusin\u2010\u03b2 is a torsin family 2 member A (TOR2A) gene product and a cardiovascular active peptide closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to determine the roles of salusin\u2010\u03b2 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in modulating enhanced CSAR and sympathetic hyperactivation in rats with CHF induced by coronary artery ligation and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CSAR was evaluated based on the responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) to the epicardial administration of capsaicin in rats under anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Salusin\u2010\u03b2 protein expression was upregulated in the PVN of the CHF compared with sham\u2010operated rats. Salusin\u2010\u03b2 microinjection into the PVN dose\u2010dependently increased MAP and RSNA and enhanced CSAR, while anti\u2010salusin\u2010\u03b2 IgG exerted opposite effects. The effect of salusin\u2010\u03b2 was inhibited by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor but promoted by superoxide dismutase inhibitor. The effect of anti\u2010salusin\u2010\u03b2 IgG was interdicted by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. Furthermore, chronic salusin\u2010\u03b2 gene knockdown in PVN attenuated CSAR, reduced sympathetic output, improved myocardial remodeling and cardiac function, decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and ROS levels, and increased NO levels in the CHF rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased salusin\u2010\u03b2 activity in the PVN contributes to sympathetic hyperactivation and CSAR in CHF by inhibiting NO release and stimulating NAD(P)H oxidase\u2010ROS production. Reducing endogenous central salusin\u2010\u03b2 expression might be a novel strategy for preventing and treating CHF in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T08:55:04Z","timestamp":1684140904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Upregulated expression of a <scp>TOR2A<\/scp> gene <scp>product\u2010salusin<\/scp>\u2010\u03b2 in the paraventricular nucleus enhances sympathetic activity and cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats with chronic heart failure induced by coronary artery ligation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejie","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hangjiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice Jinling Hospital  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aidong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu 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