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The ensuing cardiomyocyte loss results in neurohormone\u2010driven cardiac remodeling, which leads to chronic heart failure in MI survivors. Ivabradine is a heart rate modulation agent currently used in treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The canonical target of ivabradine is the hyperpolarization\u2010activated cyclic nucleotide\u2010gated channels (HCN) in cardiac pacemaker cells. However, in post\u2010MI hearts, HCN can also be expressed ectopically in non\u2010pacemaker cardiomyocytes. There is an accumulation of intriguing evidence to suggest that ivabradine also possesses cardioprotective effects that are independent of heart rate reduction. This review aims to summarize and discuss the reported cardioprotective mechanisms of ivabradine beyond heart rate modulation in myocardial infarction through various molecular mechanisms including the prevention of reactive oxygen species\u2010induced mitochondrial damage, improvement of autophagy system, modulation of intracellular calcium cycling, modification of ventricular electrophysiology, and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.14085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T13:14:48Z","timestamp":1705497288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hyperpolarization\u2010activated cyclic nucleotide\u2010gated channel inhibitor in myocardial infarction: Potential benefits beyond heart rate 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