{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:44:36Z","timestamp":1787013876394,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive muscle\u2010wasting disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Despite progress in dystrophin\u2010targeted gene therapies, it is still a fatal disease requiring novel therapeutics that can be used synergistically or alternatively to emerging gene therapy. Defective autophagy and disorganized microtubule networks contribute to dystrophic pathogenesis, yet the mechanisms by which microtubule alterations regulate autophagy remain elusive. The present study was designed to uncover possible mechanisms underpinning the role of microtubules in regulating autophagy in dystrophic mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice were also supplemented with Tubastatin A, a pharmacological inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6, and pathophysiology was assessed.\n                      <jats:italic>Mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice with a genetic deletion of the Nox\u20102 scaffolding subunit p47\n                      <jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup>\n                      were used to assess redox dependence on tubulin acetylation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our data show decreased acetylation of \u03b1\u2010tubulin with enhanced histone deacetylase 6 expression. Tubastatin A increases tubulin acetylation and Q\u2010SNARE complex formation but does not alter microtubule organization or density, indicating improved autophagosome\u2013lysosome fusion. Tubastatin A increases the acetylation of peroxiredoxin and protects it from hyper\u2010oxidation, hence modulating intracellular redox status in\n                      <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice. Tubastatin A reduces muscle damage and enhances force production. Genetic down regulation of Nox2 activity in the\n                      <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice promotes autophagosome maturation but not autolysosome formation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our data highlight that autophagy is differentially regulated by redox and acetylation in\n                      <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice. By improving autophagy through promoting tubulin acetylation, Tubastatin A decreases the dystrophic phenotype and improves muscle function, suggesting a great potential for clinical translation and treating dystrophic patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.14243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T06:05:57Z","timestamp":1729231557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition promotes microtubule acetylation and facilitates autophagosome\u2013lysosome fusion in dystrophin\u2010deficient\n                    <i>mdx<\/i>\n                    mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin L.","family":"Clayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney L.","family":"Cavazos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Clayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6968-1516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George G.","family":"Rodney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-021-00811-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00248-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav4324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.117.5.997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678707.2016.1240613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2002829"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2788"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272707"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200905048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323842111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2007.00622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.31732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.507400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040929"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.113138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a018713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/417455a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0164-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803749105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2018.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9494052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00546.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.091553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1752471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2005.00368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-11-89"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"765","article-title":"Traffic control: regulation of kinesin motors, nature reviews","volume":"10","author":"Verhey KJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07639-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2016.2368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1144005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19839-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03759-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201202057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","first-page":"4951","article-title":"Independent variability of microtubule perturbations associated with dystrophinopathy","volume":"25","author":"Belanto JJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M607031200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201901073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OsseniA Ravel\u2010ChapuisA SciontiI et\u00a0al.Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 downregulates TGF\u2010\u03b2 via Smad2\/3 acetylation and improves dystrophin\u2010deficient muscles.2022 bioRxiv 2022.2001.2021.477182.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.21.477182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.109.5.2275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.742460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.23.8035-8044.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.600916"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja102758v"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.202012743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2014.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10914"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0155-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1287653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/15548627.2014.984277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz2736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2011.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906591106"}],"container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apha.14243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:49:50Z","timestamp":1740131390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apha.14243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apha.14243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apha.14243","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.04.29.490072","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1748-1708","1748-1716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-1708","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-1716","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14243"}}