{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:51:18Z","timestamp":1790995878605,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF21OC0071589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21OC0071589"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7014\u201000375A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7014\u201000375A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Snakes exhibit remarkable physiological shifts when their large meals induce robust postprandial growth after prolonged fasting. To understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying this rapid metabolic transition, we examined the regulation of protein synthesis in pythons, focusing on processes driving early postprandial tissue remodeling and growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the SUnSET method with puromycin labeling, we measured in\u00a0vivo protein synthesis in fasting and digesting snakes at multiple post\u2010feeding intervals. Pyloric ligation, pancreatectomy, and plasma transfusions were performed to explore the roles of gastrointestinal luminal signaling and pancreatic function across key tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed profound and early stimulation of protein synthesis in gastrointestinal tissues and skeletal muscle already 3\u2009h after ingestion, before any measurable rise in plasma amino acids from the meal. The gastrointestinal stimulation appears to be driven by luminal factors, while the stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis is humoral with pancreatic insulin release as an integral mediator. The pre\u2010absorptive anabolic activity is supported by the release of amino acids from the breakdown of endogenous proteins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that snakes initiate protein synthesis via distinct, tissue\u2010specific pathways preceding nutrient absorption. This \u201cpay before pumping\u201d model shows how early protein synthesis prepares the digestive and muscular systems for later nutrient assimilation and growth. This intricate humoral regulation, involving a gut\u2010pancreas\u2010muscle axis, governs postprandial protein synthesis in snakes and provides insights into fundamental mechanisms driving metabolic adaptations and broader hyperplastic and hypertrophic responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T07:07:48Z","timestamp":1737702468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Rapid stimulation of protein synthesis in digesting snakes: Unveiling a novel gut\u2010pancreas\u2010muscle axis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"241","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4261-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil","family":"Rindom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoophysiology, Department of Biology Aarhus University  Aarhus C 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