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Tools that enable noninvasive assessment of TVF are currently lacking. Magnetic Resonance (MR) TVF cartography is a novel approach for unraveling renal (patho\u2010)physiology. Here, we employ MR\u2010TVF cartography to monitor changes in response to the diuretic furosemide, and examine its role for the interpretation of renal oxygenation assessed by mapping the MRI relaxation time <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*. We hypothesize that furosemide increases TVF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In anesthetized rats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) the MRI relaxation times <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*, <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2032 and kidney size were obtained before\/following an i.v. bolus of furosemide using a 9.4\u2009Tesla MRI scanner. Spectral analysis of the <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> signal decay was performed to estimate the number of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> components in renal tissue. TVF cartographies were calculated using voxel\u2010wise bi\u2010exponential fit of the <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> decay. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099) was used to assess the total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) as a surrogate of renal blood volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Furosemide induced changes in renal MRI and NIRS parameters relative to baseline: TVF<jats:sub>CORTEX<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200931.1%, TVF<jats:sub>OUTER_MEDULLA<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200930.7%, <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2_CORTEX<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200913.0% and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2_OUTER_MEDULLA<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200920.6%. HbT<jats:sub>CORTEX<\/jats:sub> was reduced by 2.7%. HbT<jats:sub>MEDULLA<\/jats:sub> declined by 8.6%. Kidney size showed a modest increase of 2.9%. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*<jats:sub>OUTER_MEDULLA<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:bold>\u00b4<\/jats:bold><jats:sub>OUTER_MEDULLA<\/jats:sub> rose by 20.5% and 20.2%. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*<jats:sub>CORTEX<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:bold>\u00b4<\/jats:bold><jats:sub>CORTEX<\/jats:sub> remained unchanged. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* and TVF were strongly correlated in the outer medulla and moderately in the cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MR\u2010TVF cartography is highly relevant for elucidating mechanisms of renal (patho\u2010)physiology, including the role of renal oxygenation assessed by MRI mapping of renal <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.70095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T10:49:53Z","timestamp":1755859793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Cartography of Renal Tubule Volume Fraction During Diuretic Intervention"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"241","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4190-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Tasbihi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max\u2010Delbr\u00fcck\u2010Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.)  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