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Indole\u20103\u2010lactate (ILA) is reduced in persons with MS and improves MS clinical scores in animal models via its anti\u2010inflammatory remyelinating properties. The ILA\/indole\u20103\u2010acetate (IAA) (ILA\/AA) index is considered a neuroprotection index. Physical exercise and diet can modify gut microbiota and indole metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary analysis of a randomized control trial aimed to assess the effects of acute and chronic exercise on serum indoles in relapsing\u2013remitting MS (RRMS). Thirty\u2010one RRMS patients (\u2265\u200970% session attendance) completed a 10\u2009week multimodal functional training (60\u2009min, 3\u00d7\/week) vs. a waitlist control group. Blood samples were collected at baseline and compared to a matched healthy control group, and after 10\u2009weeks for the assessment of chronic effects. Additionally, acute effects of a single bout of exercise were assessed with a blood sample before, during, and immediately after one interim training session. Serum indole concentrations were measured using LC\u2013MS\/MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline indole levels in RRMS patients differed from those of matched healthy controls, and reduced ILA levels were observed. The 10\u2009week intervention increased the ILA\/IAA index, while a single exercise bout induced an increase in both ILA and ILA\/IAA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multimodal functional training over 10\u2009weeks led to an improved ILA\/IAA index suggesting a neuroprotective shift in gut microbiota composition, and a single bout acutely increases the circulating level of ILA. Study registration number: DRKS00017091.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.70166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T04:20:08Z","timestamp":1769660408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Functional Training Mitigates Reduced Circulating Indole\u20103\u2010Lactate Levels in Persons With Relapsing\u2013Remitting Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6153-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany","family":"Wences Chirino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Group, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University  Dortmund 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