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A separate cohort underwent 3\u2009days of reloading after HLS (REL; Experiment 2). Outcomes included survival, body mass, soleus force\u2013frequency, myofiber cross\u2010sectional area (CSA), macrophage infiltration (CD68\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), extracellular matrix (ECM), and satellite cells (Pax7\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Survival was preserved in septic young mice (&gt;\u200984%) but reduced in older septic mice (~51%\u201360% males; ~57% females). Disuse was the primary driver of body mass loss during HLS\/REL, with older females exhibiting the greatest decline (day 11: \u221219.8%\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8% Sham; \u221217.4%\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5% CLP). Disuse reduced median fiber CSA by ~27%\u201346% across cohorts (e.g., young males: 1840\u2009\u00b1\u2009189 to 997\u2009\u00b1\u2009345\u2009\u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). In Experiment 1, CD68\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      macrophages increased most with combined sepsis and disuse, whereas ECM expansion was observed only in males. Pax7\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      satellite cells were markedly reduced in young males with sepsis and disuse and in older mice of both sexes with sepsis. Following REL, older septic males retained force deficits, and septic females remained significantly atrophic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle disuse amplifies sepsis\u2010induced myopathy in an age\u2010 and sex\u2010dependent manner, with incomplete early recovery after reloading.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.70195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:40:36Z","timestamp":1773852036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interaction of Sepsis, Disuse, and Aging on Skeletal Muscle Function and Remodeling in Male and Female Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Diana C.","family":"Muller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franccesco P.","family":"Boeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9766-2389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisienne","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armina","family":"Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied 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