{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T06:04:23Z","timestamp":1779516263397,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\u2010MS\u2010253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\u2010MS\u2010253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate how tetrodotoxin\u2010sensitive (TTX\u2010S) and tetrodotoxin\u2010resistant (TTX\u2010R) Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      channels coordinately fine\u2010tune action potential (AP) depolarization and firing capability in rat nodose visceral sensory neurons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>APs were recorded by ruptured\u2010patch current clamp in unmyelinated C\u2010type and myelinated Ah\u2010type neurons from isolated and sliced nodose ganglia. Voltage derivatives and displacement current phase plots were used to determine the kick\u2010in voltage of TTX\u2010R following TTX\u2010S activation. Myelinated A\u2010type neurons, which express TTX\u2010S exclusively, served as a model for dynamic current\u2010clamp (DCC) simulation, in which gNa0 (TTX\u2010S) and gNa1 (TTX\u2010R) were injected separately or in combination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Voltage derivatives and phase plots revealed a biphasic upstroke in C\u2010 and Ah\u2010type neurons, indicating sequential TTX\u2010S then TTX\u2010R activation. The TTX\u2010R kick\u2010in voltage was more negative in Ah\u2010type than in C\u2010type neurons and was strongly inversely correlated with the maximal upstroke velocity. DCC faithfully reproduced both AP types; TTX\u2010R reactivation generated the C\u2010type repolarization hump, and AP peak was preserved through proportional gNa0\/gNa1 compensation. Increasing the integrated step size of gNa1 delayed TTX\u2010R recruitment, reduced the second Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      peak, and progressively impaired repetitive firing, whereas the TTX\u2010S peak remained unchanged.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TTX\u2010S and TTX\u2010R Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      channels coordinate AP depolarization sequentially and compensatorily: TTX\u2010S initiates the upstroke, whereas TTX\u2010R is recruited later and reactivates during repolarization to constrain firing frequency. Combining patch\u2010clamp with DCC simulation provides novel insight into visceral sensory neuron excitability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.70239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:27:57Z","timestamp":1777865277000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>TTX<\/scp>\n                    \u2010S\/\n                    <scp>TTX<\/scp>\n                    \u2010R Na\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Currents Coordinately Fine\u2010Tune Depolarization\/Firing Capability Revealed by Voltage Derivatives\/Displacement Current Phase Plots With Dynamic Current\u2010Clamp Simulation in Rat Visceral Sensory Neurons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Zhang","family":"Jing\u2010ran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University  Dalian China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Hui\u2010xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xing\u2010yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Hong\u2010fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dou","family":"Tian\u2010min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1853-0216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Bai\u2010yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2503570122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.202313526"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"743","article-title":"Study on Mechanisms of Changes of TTX\u2010R\/TTX\u2010S Sodium Channels in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons After Acupoint Sensitization Induced by Myocardial Ischemia in Mice","volume":"50","author":"Du R. 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