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This is a key function of the neurovascular niche (NVN), which is the interface between the cells of the nervous tissue and the cells and the content of blood vessels. It is enabled by the Blood\u2013Brain Barrier, a structure formed by endothelial and perivascular cells, extracellular matrix, and astrocytes, and is manifested by the limited surveillance of the CNS from blood\u2010derived cells. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating degenerative disorder, in which the myelin sheaths that enwrap neuronal axons are destroyed, leading, over time, to neurological symptoms. MS has a strong immunological component which is targeted in most of the current disease\u2010modifying treatments. Nevertheless, regenerative interventions aiming at enhancing and restoring the endogenous remyelination potential of the CNS, driven by the abundant Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs), have not been successfully developed so far. Here, we will review key information on the structure of the NVN, and we will summarize the evidence on the role of inflammation in the emergence and the progress of MS, with a focus on the active response of OPCs. We will also present recent experimental evidence on the role of less investigated cellular elements of the NVN, such as pericytes and platelets, in the regulation of OPCs. Finally, we will discuss current and future treatments for MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.70285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T06:09:24Z","timestamp":1786601364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Neurovascular Niche: A Gathering Venue for Neuroinflammation and Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1035-0584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Kazanis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Resilience, Ageing Biology and Age\u2010related Diseases Group, School of Life Sciences University of Westminster  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6236-7180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Regenerative Neurobiology Group (TReN), Department of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences (MIBS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alerie G.","family":"de la Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurosciencias CSIC\u2010UMH, San Juan de Alicante  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7018-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myelin Dynamics &amp; Repair Lab, Centro de Neurociencias Cajal\/Instituto Cajal\u2010CSIC  Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (Madrid) Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7895-6318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Regenerative Neurobiology Group (TReN), Department of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences (MIBS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki 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