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In type 2 diabetes (T2D), both adaptive and maladaptive miRNA responses shape \u03b2\u2010cell compensation and progressive secretory dysfunction. Here, we review current insights into the regulation of insulin secretion, with a focus on exocytosis and the autocrine and paracrine regulation of \u03b2\u2010cells, and discuss the involvement of miRNAs in these processes. We describe miRNA biogenesis and the regulation of miRNAs in \u03b2\u2010cells, focusing on glucose\u2010 and cAMP\u2010responsive miRNAs and epigenetic control. We summarize mechanistic evidence linking individual miRNAs to the regulation of \u03b2\u2010cell function during T2D development, including effects on metabolic signaling and the exocytotic machinery, and compare results from humans, rodents, and cell lines, while emphasizing both the need for and difficulties of performing these investigations in \u03b2\u2010cells from human donors. Moreover, recent network\u2010level analyses reveal that T2D is characterized not by isolated miRNA changes but by coordinated changes in miRNA\u2013mRNA regulatory pathways that converge on reduced and\/or compensatory insulin secretion. Beyond cell\u2010intrinsic actions, we discuss how circulating miRNAs transported via extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate crosstalk between \u03b2\u2010cells and peripheral tissues, influencing insulin resistance, \u03b2\u2010cell function, and systemic glucose homeostasis. Finally, we highlight the potential of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers, as well as the use of EVs and miRNAs for therapeutic applications, while underscoring the technical challenges that currently limit clinical translation. Nevertheless, advances in technical, network, and inter\u2010organ analyses position miRNAs as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.70288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T06:30:58Z","timestamp":1786170658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>MicroRNA<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Driven Regulation of \u03b2\u2010Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms, Network Insights, and Translational Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6467-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Eliasson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Research Centre 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