{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:58:50Z","timestamp":1790837930236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BE3970\/12\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE3970\/12\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007316","name":"Klaus Tschira Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003108","name":"Bundeszentrale f\u00fcr gesundheitliche Aufkl\u00e4rung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"K\u00f8benhavns Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009828","name":"Universit\u00e4t Erfurt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iaap-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Psych Health &amp;amp; Well"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Psychological reactance theory assumes that the restriction of valued behaviors elicits anger and negative cognitions, motivating actions to regain the limited freedom. Two studies investigated the effects of two possible restrictions affecting COVID\u201019 vaccination: the limitation of non\u2010vaccination by mandates and the limitation of vaccination by scarce vaccine supply. In the first study, we compared reactance about mandatory and scarce vaccination scenarios and the moderating effect of vaccination intentions, employing a German quota\u2010representative sample (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0973). In the preregistered second study, we replicated effects with an American sample (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01394) and investigated the consequences of reactance on various behavioral intentions. Results revealed that reactance was stronger when a priori vaccination intentions were low and a mandate was introduced or when vaccination intentions were high and vaccines were scarce. In both cases, reactance increased intentions to take actions against the restriction. Further, reactance due to a mandate was positively associated with intentions to avoid the COVID\u201019 vaccination and an unrelated chickenpox vaccination; it was negatively associated with intentions to show protective behaviors limiting the spread of the coronavirus. Opposite intentions were observed when vaccination was scarce. The findings can help policy\u2010makers to curb the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID\u201019.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T07:15:26Z","timestamp":1621926926000},"page":"986-995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Reactance revisited: Consequences of mandatory and scarce vaccination in the case of COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9925-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Sprengholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Media and Communication Science University of Erfurt  Erfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Betsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Media and Communication Science University of Erfurt  Erfurt Germany"},{"name":"Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences University of Erfurt  Erfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Economics University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"A theory of psychological reactance","author":"Brehm J. W.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Responses to loss of freedom: A theory of psychological reactance","author":"Brehm J. W.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Psychological foundations of attitudes","author":"Brock T.C."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23808985.2009.11679083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750500111815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.57.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102054118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010021\u201001316\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0044\u20103514.37.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7916\/vib.v6i.7301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201085555\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","article-title":"Vaccine Rollouts in Europe Are Off to a Shaky Start, Even as Lockdowns Expand","author":"Santora M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"The New York Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14792772143000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/2151\u20102604\/a000227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sprengholz P. B\u00f6hm R. &Betsch C.(2021).Vaccination policy reactance: Predictors consequences and countermeasures.Preprint.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/98e4t","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/98e4t"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2020.1870533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.32.5.906"}],"container-title":["Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aphw.12285","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aphw.12285","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iaap-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aphw.12285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T10:10:17Z","timestamp":1761732617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iaap-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aphw.12285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aphw.12285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aphw.12285","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-0846","1758-0854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-0846","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-0854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}