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Vagally\u2010mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a marker of cardiac vagal tone, has been associated with multiple factors related to well\u2010being. Recent research further suggests that stress regulation, social connection, and lifestyle jointly contribute to improved well\u2010being. In a large\u2010scale study (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092252), we measured depressive symptoms, work stress, social support, and physical activity (\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    1) and then investigated whether these factors were prospectively associated with resting vmHRV measured at the 10\u2010year follow\u2010up assessment (\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    2). We also investigated whether these factors and their changes from\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    1 to\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    2 were associated with resting vmHRV at\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    2. Results showed that more physical activity was associated with higher resting vmHRV at\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    2. However, resting vmHRV was not associated with other factors at\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    2 and in longitudinal analyses. Latent profile analysis revealed that individuals maintaining moderate physical activity over these years showed higher resting vmHRV. This large population\u2010based longitudinal study conducted in Belgium provides important evidence supporting the link between cardiac vagal tone and physical activity but does not support an association with depressive symptoms, work stress, and social support.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T13:57:00Z","timestamp":1767016620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cardiac vagal tone is associated with physical activity but not with depressive symptoms, work stress, and social support: A large\u2010scale 10\u2010year follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3397-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zefeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental 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