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This study investigates the bidirectional link between mindfulness and insomnia and the mediating role of negative affect. We tracked and surveyed 254 students from a university in East China on mindfulness, negative affect, and insomnia over 2\u2009months and collected their reports at baseline (Time 1), 1\u2009month later (Time 2), and 2\u2009months later (Time 3). Random intercept cross\u2010lagged panel models (RI\u2010CLPMs) were employed to examine the bidirectional links among these variables. The results revealed mixed support for reciprocal links between mindfulness and insomnia, showing bidirectional links only between Time 2 and Time 3 but not between Time 1 and Time 2. Negative affect mediated the negative link between mindfulness and insomnia. Although elevated negative affect predicted decreased mindfulness, insomnia did not predict negative affect longitudinally, and negative affect did not mediate the longitudinal link from insomnia to mindfulness. Accordingly, our findings suggest that mindfulness\u2010based interventions for insomnia may benefit from prioritizing components that target negative affect, which may trigger an upward spiral that improves sleep and sustains mindfulness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.70123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:53:12Z","timestamp":1768989192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A longitudinal study on the bidirectional association between mindfulness and insomnia: The mediating role of negative affect"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8257-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Ming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Business Intelligence Decision Laboratory, School of Business Administration Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1393-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Business Intelligence Decision Laboratory, School of Business Administration Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9851-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Business Intelligence Decision Laboratory, School of Business Administration Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7467-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Business Administration Central China Normal University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2023.107322"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000898"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"389","volume-title":"Handbook of cross\u2010cultural psychology","author":"Brislin R. 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