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We also tested whether affective valence during exercise and post\u2010exercise enjoyment predicted these outcomes. Ninety\u2010seven insufficiently active adults in the intention or preparation stage of exercise behavior were randomly assigned to mindfulness, distraction, or control conditions. Participants engaged in low\u2010 to moderate\u2010intensity exercise two to three times per week for four weeks while receiving a guided mindfulness audio, a neutral podcast, or no audio, respectively. Affective valence, post\u2010exercise enjoyment, exercise intention, and exercise behavior were assessed at baseline, post\u2010intervention, and one\u2010month follow\u2010up. Linear mixed\u2010effects models showed that mindfulness was associated with higher affective valence than distraction and control, and higher enjoyment and exercise intention than distraction, with smaller or nonsignificant differences relative to control. Exercise behavior increased at post\u2010intervention and declined at follow\u2010up, while remaining above baseline. Mediation analyses indicated that post\u2010exercise enjoyment, but not affective valence, significantly mediated the intervention's effect on exercise intention. Findings suggest that mindfulness during exercise enhances affective experiences and exercise intention, which may support engagement in physical activity. However, behavior changes were not sustained at follow\u2010up, underscoring the need for strategies that maintain long\u2010term effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.70153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T14:26:32Z","timestamp":1778595992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mindful exercise intervention on exercise affect and behavior: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6974-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport and Art Education Beijing Institute of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Psychology Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7184-5847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education Xihua University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9728-6759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi\u2010Xiong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/03.27.PMS.120v19x7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2025.102963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00299"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197x.2021.1919743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01690-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Borg's perceived exertion and pain scales","author":"Borg G.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12662-017-0477479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.4.822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2004.10609137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.18.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16128\/j.cnki.1005-3611.2012.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2017-0212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70252\/AEVJ8865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"316","volume-title":"Essentials of exercise and sport psychology: An open access textbook","author":"Cox A. 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