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However, despite preliminary investigations into this association, little is known about the bidirectional relationship between the two, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Using four\u2010wave longitudinal data collected over 2\u2009years from 10,550 Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 15\u2009years, the present study examined the bidirectional relationship between subjective academic stress and SWB from the perspective of evaluative theories, as well as the mediating role of sleep duration drawing on mind\u2013body unity theory. Random intercept cross\u2010lagged panel model analyses showed that, at the within\u2010person level, subjective academic stress and SWB exhibited a significant bidirectional relationship over time, forming a reciprocal cycle. Specifically, increases in subjective academic stress predicted subsequent decreases in SWB, and decreases in SWB predicted subsequent increases in subjective academic stress, with the predictive effects of subjective academic stress on SWB being significantly stronger than the corresponding reverse effects. In addition, sleep duration played a mediating role in the bidirectional relationship between subjective academic stress and SWB, and the mediating effects of sleep duration in the paths from subjective academic stress to SWB were significantly stronger than those in the reverse paths. These findings provide empirical support for evaluative theories and, from a mind\u2013body unity perspective, reveal sleep duration as an important mechanism linking subjective academic stress and adolescents' SWB, offering practical insights for alleviating adolescents' academic stress and promoting their SWB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:10:58Z","timestamp":1788311458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bidirectional relations between subjective academic stress, sleep duration, and subjective well\u2010being among Chinese adolescents: Evidence from a large\u2010scale longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5699-0635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menghao","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind and Brain Sciences Hunan Normal University  Changsha China"},{"name":"College of Teachers Chengdu University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Graduate School of Education Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0558-6482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind and Brain Sciences Hunan Normal University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5107-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueyang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Education Institute of Zhejiang Normal University and University of Kansas Zhejiang Normal University  Jinhua China"},{"name":"China Education Innovation Institute Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9872-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Teachers Chengdu University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Graduate School of Education University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panzhihua Experimental School  Panzhihua China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingran","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"The study burden of middle and primary students: Levels, characteristics and enlightenments","volume":"37","author":"Ai X.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Educational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S104807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2023.101929"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579423000159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0309877X.2025.2539881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions","author":"Campbell A.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-59"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-02497-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S423336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Chinese Sleep Research Society. 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